Chapter+11+Notes

Chapter 11 Section 1 Study Guide 1. The Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the mid-1700s. Cause: British inventors developed new machines that made manufacturing faster. Effect: The Industrial Revolution spread to the United States. 2. Samuel Slater memorized the design of the machines in British textile mills. Cause: It was illegal to take plans for the machines out of England. Effect: Slater soon built the first successful water-powered textile mill in the United States. 3. Eli Whitney invented machines that could manufacture identical parts. Cause: Whitney wanted to speed up the manufacturing process. Effect: Inventors soon designed machines to produce interchangeable parts for many other goods. 4. Francis Cabot Lowell's partners built a factory town named for him. Cause: Lowell combined spinning and weaving operations under one roof. Effect: Lowell became a model factory town; the population grew to more than 10,000 people. 5. Textile mills hired young women. Cause: Mill owners could pay lower wages to women than to men. Effect: Many young women left home and became economically independent or used their wages to help their families. 6. Spinning Jenny - machine that could spin several threads at once 7. Capitalist - person who invests in a business in order to make a profit 8. Factory System - system that brought workers and machines together under one roof to produce goods 9. Urbanization - movement of the population from farms to the cities

Chapter 11 Section 2 Study Guide 1. New roads such as the Great Wagon Road made it easier for settlers to travel west. 2. As more and more people traveled west, more territories applied for statehood. 3. Private companies began paving roads and collecting tolls that paid for road maintenance. 4. Congress approved money to build the National Road. 5. The invention of the steam engine and steamboat made passenger and cargo travel much faster. 6. Steamboats made it much cheaper for western farmers to ship goods. 7. The Erie Canal linked the Great Lakes with the Mohawk and Hudson rivers and made it possible to ship goods directly to New York. 8. Turnpike is a road on which tolls are collected. 9. Corduroy road was a road paved with logs. 10. The Clermont began the age of steamboats. 11. The Erie Canal linked the Great Lakes with the Mohawk and Hudson rivers.

Chapter 11 Section 3 Study Guide John C. Calhoun 1. supported the War of 1812 2. supported slavery 3. opposed strong federal government Daniel Webster 4. opposed the War of 1812 5. supported strong federal government 6. opposed slavery Henry Clay 7. supported War of 1812 8. supported strong federal government 9. supported protective tariff 10. Era of Good Feelings - period of national pride after victory in the War of 1812 11. sectionalism - loyalty to one's state or section rather than to the nation as a whole. 12. American System - program proposed by Clay, calling for high tariffs on imports, which would help northern factories 13. internal improvements - improvements for bridges, roads, canals 14. McCulloch v Maryland - Supreme Court decision that determined that states had no right to interfere with federal institutions within their borders 15. Gibbons v. Ogden - Supreme Court decision upholding the power of the federal government to regulate commerce 16. interstate commerce - trade between individual states

Chapter 11 Section 4 Study Guide 1. Latin American nations were eager for independence because their people had little or no say in government; Spain's policies toward native Latin Americans were harsh. 2. Mexico gained its independence when creoles joined the revolutionary movement. 3. The United Provinces of Central America included the present-day nations of Nicaragua, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala. 4. Latin American republics did not unite as a single country because they covered a huge area, and geographic features such as mountain ranges made travel and communication difficult. 5. Spain gave up its rights to Florida in exchange for $5 million. 6. The Monroe Doctrine stated that the United States would not interfere in teh affairs of European nations or their colonies, and it warned European nations not to try to regain control of newly independent Latin American nations. 7. Miguel Hidalgo called for all Mexicans, including Indians, to join in the struggle for independence. 8. Jose Morelos was a leader of the Mexican Revolution; calling for a program giving land to peasants. 9. Simon Bolivar led Venezuela to independence; became president of Republic of Grand Colombia. 10. Jose de San Martin led Argentina to independence; played leadership role in revolutions in Chile, Peru, and Ecuador. 11. Prince Pedro of Portugal agreed to Brazil's demand for independence; became the first emperor of independent Brazil.

Chapter 11 Test Review creole Lowell girl capitalist What was the first things factory owners needed to finance their businesses? Steamboats allowed farmers to ship goods quickly. Why was Simon Bolivar known as the Liberator? What is one way Americans improved the roads in the early 1800s? The Industrial Revolution depended largely in the development of the factory system. How did the US gain Florida from Spain? How did Congress help American industry after the War of 1812? What effect did sectionalism have on the Era of Good Feelings? Describe daily life in factories in the early 1800s. McCullough v Maryland What led to the creation of the Monroe Doctrine? Analyze the effects of the Industrial Revolution on the United States. Then, explain the economic changes it brought to the nation, its impact on women and daily life, and its impact on population trends.